Energy Drinks and Sports Performance, Cardiovascular Risk, and Genetic Associations; Future Prospects
Resumen: The consumption of energy drinks (e.g., containing caffeine and taurine) has increased
over the last decade among adolescents and athletes to enhance their cognitive level and improve
intellectual and athletic performance. Numerous studies have shown that drinking moderate doses
of such drinks produces beneficial effects, as they considerably boost the sporting performance of
elite athletes in various sports, including both endurance and explosive events. However, apart from
their ergogenic effects, the regular consumption of energy drinks also increases blood pressure and
consequently incites problems such as hypertension, tachycardia, and nervousness, all of which can
lead to cardiovascular disorders. A potential positive correlation between genetics and the moderate
consumption of energy drinks and athletic performance has recently been reported; notwithstanding,
a better understanding of the genetic variants involved in metabolism is a key area for future research
to optimize the dose of energy drink consumed and obtain the maximal ergogenic effect in elite sports.
The aim of this literature review, therefore, is to present the results of recent studies, classifying them
according to the differences in the associations between energy drinks and: (i) Athletic performance;
(ii) cardiovascular risk factors while practicing sports; and (iii) genetic associations and future
prospects between the consumption of energy drinks and performance.
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- MEDICINA [789]