Browsing by Author "Santiago, C."
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Item ACTN3 genotype in professional soccer players.(British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2007) Santiago, C.; González-Freire, Marta; Serratosa, L.; Morate, F. J.; Meyer, T.; Gómez-Gallego, F.; Lucia, A.Abstract The authors studied the frequency distribution of alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X genotypes in 60 top-level professional soccer players. The results were compared with those of 52 elite endurance athletes and 123 sedentary controls. The per cent distribution of RR and RX genotypes in soccer players (48.3% and 36.7%) was significantly higher and lower, respectively, than controls (28.5% and 53.7%) and endurance athletes (26.5% and 52%) (p = 0.041). Although there are notable exceptions, elite soccer players tend to have the sprint/power ACTN3 genotype.Item Unique among unique. Is it genetically determined?(British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2009) González-Freire, Marta; Santiago, C.; Verde, Zoraida; Jao, J. I.; Oiivan, J.; Gómez-Gallego, F.; Lucia, A.The cross-country world championship is one of the best models to study characteristics needed to achieve top-level endurance athletic capacity. We report the genotype combination of a recent cross-country champion (12 km race) in polymorphisms of seven genes that are candidates to influence endurance phenotype traits (ACTN3, ACE, PPARGC1A, AMPD1, CKMM, GDF8 (myostatin) and HFE). His data were compared with those of eight other runners (world-class but not world champions). The only athlete with the genotype theoretically more suited to attaining world-class endurance running performance was the case study subject. A favourable genetic endowment, together with exceptional environmental factors (years of altitude living and training in this case), seems to be necessary to attain the highest possible level of running endurance performance.