Browsing by Author "Terradillos, Itziar"
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Item Altered glial expression of the cannabinoid 1 receptor in the subiculum of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.(Glia, 2022) Terradillos, Itziar; Bonilla-Del Río, Itziar; Puente, Nagore; Serrano, Maitane; Mimenza, Amaia; Lekunberri, Leire; Anaut-Lusar, Ilazki; Reguero, Leire; Gerrikagoitia, Inmaculada; Ruiz de Martín Esteban, Samuel; Hillard, Cecilia J.; Grande Rodríguez, Mª Teresa; Romero, Julián; Elezgarai, Izaskun; Grandes, PedroThe alteration of the endocannabinoid tone usually associates with changes in the expression and/or function of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid beta (Aβ)-containing aggregates induce a chronic inflammatory response leading to reactivity of both microglia and astrocytes. However, how this glial response impacts on the glial CB1 receptor expression in the subiculum of a mouse model of AD, a brain region particularly affected by large accumulation of plaques and concomitant subcellular changes in microglia and astrocytes, is unknown. The CB1 receptor localization in both glial cells was investigated in the subiculum of male 5xFAD/CB2EGFP/f/f (AD model) and CB2EGFP/f/f mice by immuno-electron microscopy. The findings revealed that glial CB1 receptors suffer remarkable changes in the AD mouse. Thus, CB1 receptor expression increases in reactive microglia in 5xFAD/CB2EGFP/f/f, but remains constant in astrocytes with CB1 receptor labeling rising proportionally to the perimeter of the reactive astrocytes. Not least, the CB1 receptor localization in microglial processes in the subiculum of controls and closely surrounding amyloid plaques and dystrophic neurites of the AD model, supports previous suggestions of the presence of the CB1 receptor in microglia. These findings on the correlation between glial reactivity and the CB1 receptor expression in microglial cells and astrocytes, contribute to the understanding of the role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease.Item Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors Modulate Microglia Function and Amyloid Dynamics in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease.(Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022) Ruiz de Martín Esteban, Samuel; Benito Cuesta, Irene; Terradillos, Itziar; Martínez Relimpio, Ana María; Arnanz, M. Andrea; Ruiz-Pérez, Gonzalo; Korn, Claudia; Raposo, Catarina; Sarott, Roman C.; Westphal, Matthias V.; Elezgarai, Izaskun; Carreira, Erick M.; Hillard, Cecilia J.; Grether, Uwe; Grandes, Pedro; Grande Rodríguez, Mª Teresa; Romero, JuliánThe distribution and roles of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor in the CNS are still a matter of debate. Recent data suggest that, in addition to its presence in microglial cells, the CB2 receptor may be also expressed at low levels, yet biologically relevant, in other cell types such as neurons. It is accepted that the expression of CB2 receptors in the CNS is low under physiological conditions and is significantly elevated in chronic neuroinflammatory states associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. By using a novel mouse model (CB2 EGFP/f/f), we studied the distribution of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (by generating 5xFAD/ CB2 EGFP/f/f mice) and explored the roles of CB2 receptors in microglial function. We used a novel selective and brain penetrant CB2 receptor agonist (RO6866945) as well as mice lacking the CB2 receptor (5xFAD/CB2 −/−) for these studies. We found that CB2 receptors are expressed in dystrophic neurite-associated microglia and that their modulation modifies the number and activity of microglial cells as well as the metabolism of the insoluble form of the amyloid peptide. These results support microglial CB2 receptors as potential targets for the development of amyloid-modulating therapies.