Surface Modification of Ammonium Polyphosphate for Enhancing Flame-Retardant Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane.
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2022
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Materials
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Abstract
Currently, the development of efficient and environmentally friendly flame-retardant
thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite materials has caused extensive research. Ammonium
polyphosphate (APP) is used as a general intumescent flame retardant to improve the flame retardancy
of TPU. In this paper, we developed a functionalized APP flame retardant (APP-Cu@PDA). Adding
only 5 wt% of APP-Cu@PDA into TPU can significantly improve the flame-retardant’s performance
of the composite material, reflected by a high LOI value of 28% with a UL-94 test of V-0 rating.
Compared with pure TPU, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke release rate, and
total smoke release were reduced by 82%, 25%, 50%, and 29%, respectively. The improvements on
the flame-retardant properties of the TPU/5%APP-Cu@PDA composites were due to the following
explanations: Cu2+-chelated PDA has a certain catalytic effect on the carbonization process, which
can promote the formation of complete carbon layers and hinder the transfer of heat and oxygen.
In addition, after adding 5% APP-Cu@PDA, the tensile strength and elongation at the break of
TPU composites did not decrease significantly. In summary, we developed a new flame-retardant
APP-Cu@PDA, which has better flame-retardant properties than many reported TPU composites,
and its preparation process is simple and environmentally friendly. This process can be applied to
the industrial production of flame retardants in the future.
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Keywords
Thermoplastic polyurethane, Flame-retardant, Ammonium polyphosphate, Polydopamine