Mata Castro, NievesSanz López, LorenaVarillas Delgado, DavidGarcía Fernández, Alfredo2024-02-092024-02-0920200937-4477https://hdl.handle.net/10641/3926Purpose To determine the efficacy and safety of the intratympanic infiltration of infliximab at the hearing threshold of patients in follow-up for refractory immune-mediated hearing loss. Methods 17 patients were collected with relapses, despite maintenance treatment with oral azathioprine associated or not with oral prednisone at low doses (between 5 and 7.5 ml/day) or refractory relapses to previous intratympanic corticoid treatment being 19 affected ears infiltrated. We measured the hearing threshold by Pure-Tone Average (PTA) 500–3000 Hz, 125–8000 Hz and 250–8000 Hz in pre-infiltration (baseline) and follow-up 3 weeks post-infiltration with auditory threshold at frequencies 125–8000 Hz. Results The average age was 50.68 years (±15.23 years). After the administration of intratympanic infliximab, an improvement of the hearing threshold was showed in the Pure-Tone Average (PTA) calculated at 500–3000 Hz (p = 0.004), 125–8000 Hz (p = 0.001) and 250–8000 Hz (p = 0.006). An immediate improvement in low frequencies also was observed: 125, 250 and 500 Hz (p = 0.009, p = 0.002 and p < 0.001 respectively) also at 1000 Hz (p = 0.004) and a persistence of the effect at 3 months in the low frequencies: 125 Hz (p = 0.020), 250 Hz (p = 0.006) and 500 Hz (p = 0.002). Conclusions Infliximab intratympanic infiltration improves the hearing threshold in patients with immune-mediated hearing loss. The effect of improving the hearing threshold is higher in low frequencies and persists within 3 months of the infiltration. The administration of intratympanic infliximab is an effective and safe technique.engAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Españahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/journal articlemetadata only access10.1007/s00405-019-05716-x