Clinical Applications of Molecular Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer.
Abstract: There is clinically relevant molecular heterogeneity in prostate cancer (PCa), but this
biological diversity has had only a minimal impact on clinical practice. Treatment outcomes in
patients with localised PCa are often highly variable, even among patients stratified to the same
risk group or disease state based on standard clinical and pathological parameters. In recent years,
the development of gene panels has provided valuable data on the di erential expression of genes
in patients with PCa. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need to identify and validate prognostic and
predictive biomarkers that can be applied across clinical scenarios, ranging from localised disease to
metastatic castration-resistant PCa. The availability of such tools would allow for precision medicine
to finally reach PCa patients. In this review, we evaluate current data on molecular biomarkers for
PCa, with an emphasis on the biomarkers and gene panels with the most robust evidence to support
their application in routine clinical practice.
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