Browsing by Author "Espada, Mário C."
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Item Análisis de la condición física y estilos de vida relacionados con el consumo de tabaco y alcohol de los cazadores extremeños.(Retos, 2024) Hernández-Beltrán, Víctor; Castelli Correia de Campos, Luis Felipe; Espada, Mário C.; Gamonales, José M.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los niveles de condición física en relación con los estilos de vida vinculados al consumo de tabaco y alcohol en una población de cazadores extremeños. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 144 cazadores (98,61% hombres y 1,39% mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre 16 y 66 años, elegidos por muestreo probabilístico aleatorio principalmente, de distintas localidades de Extremadura. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos de Género, Edad, Consumo de Tabaco y Consumo de Alcohol, datos antropométricos de Peso, Talla y del nivel de condición física de las variables de Equilibrio Corporal, Flexibilidad, Fuerza Explosiva, Fuerza Estática, Velocidad de desplazamiento y Fuerza-Resistencia a través de las pruebas de la batería AFISAL-INEFC y Eurofit. Los principales hallazgos evidenciaron que, en su mayoría, los cazadores presentaron consumo de tabaco y alcohol por encima de la población general. Sumado a eso, los cazadores presentaron niveles de condición física “bajos” en la mayoría de las pruebas seleccionadas y empleadas para valorar dicha condición física. Sin embargo, en algunas pruebas como la de Fuerza Estática muestran niveles superiores que la población general. A modo conclusión, se recomienda estrategias político públicas de incentivo y programas de promoción de hábitos y estilos saludables como pautas de actividades físico-deportivas y alimentación saludable.Item Analysis of individual performance indicators of football goalkeeper.(Apunts Sports Medicine, 2023) Tienza-Valverde, Alberto; Hernández Beltrán, Víctor; Espada, Mário C.; Bravo Sánchez, Alfredo; Santos, Fernando J.; Gamonales, José MOne of the most widely used strategies for performance analysis in different sports is notational analysis through direct observation of technical-tactical actions, which allows to understand the main indicators of sporting performance of the players, both individually and collectively. Football goalkeepers (GKs) are involved in the game differently when compared to the rest of the players in the team and, therefore, they develop different high-level and high-intensity tactical-technical actions. Therefore, the present work aimed to analyse the different performance indicators of football GKs through a search in the following databases: Web of Science (WOS), Scopus (Elsevier), PubMed (NIH) and, SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), until February 2023. The following keywords were used: "Football" or "Soccer", "Goalkeeper" and "Performance analysis". The results show that the main performance indicators are the percentage of avoided goals, the distribution of the ball at the goal kick as well as the number of offensive and defensive actions. Therefore, training sessions should be planned and implemented aimming to improve these skills.Item Analysis of the External and Internal Load in Wheelchair Basketball Considering the Game Situation.(Applied Sciences, 2024) Hernández Beltrán, Victor; Ibáñez, Sergio J.; Espada, Mário C.; Gamonales, José M.The systematic and programmed control and evaluation of the external and internal load of high-performance athletes during training sessions and high-level competitions allows the coaching staff to know a great amount of information to evaluate the physical condition of the players and the tactical positioning as well as to identify optimal performance. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the external and internal load of wheelchair basketball players during training and competition matches considering the functional classification of the players. WIMU PROTM inertial devices were used to collect the data. As independent variables, the sporting context and the functional classification were selected, and as dependent variables, the variables related to the external and internal load were established. The results reported significant differences between the contexts, with higher values in the competition than in the training sessions considering the internal and external load. Taking into account the functional classification, it is shown that the player with a higher functional classification obtained more differences and higher values. Understanding the external and internal load of the players during training and competitions is very important to personalise the training load according to the demands of the competition. It allows development of a progressive and modular training programme of loads to obtain the best performance. Consequently, injury risk of players due to overload will also be reduced.Item Analysis of the shots in Football for blind people in the 2021 World Grand Prix.(Cultura, ciencia y deporte., 2023) Gamonales, José M.; Hernández Beltrán, Victor; León, Kiko; Espada, Mário C.; Sanabria-Jiménez, Manuel; Alemán-Ramírez, Carolina; Castelli Correia de Campos, Luis Felipe; Muñoz-Jiménez, JesúsThe present study analyses all in-game goal kicks (n = 424) in 5-a-side football for blind people in the international tournament World Grand Prix 2021, held in Tokyo (Japan). For this purpose, the IOLF5C instrument was used, which consists of 14 variables to analyse the effectiveness of shooting at goal. A descriptive study and association between the independent variables of the analysis (contextual and game actions), and the study variable (result of the throw-in) was carried out. The results show that 5-a-side football for blind people is a sport modality with a reduced number of technical-tactical actions. The winning team of the tournament is the one that performs the highest number of shots at goal, they start the play in the starting zone and shoot at goal from the offensive zone. Perform a fast progression with driving and throwing to goal, without blocking, and, mainly, they hit the ball with the right foot and, mostly with the toe/start. In addition, the result of the throw is conditioned by the variables team status, starting zone, throwing opposition and body zone. Therefore, it is recommended that coaches should design situations that favor quick ball stealing after effective pressure in offensive zones.Item Current status of sport performance in Boccia: systematic review of the literature.(Retos, 2023) Ferreira, Cátia C.; Gamonales, José M; Espada, Mário C.; Muñoz-Jiménez, JesúsLa Boccia es un deporte Paralímpico y practicado con una perspectiva recreativa por parte de la población. El rendimiento deportivo en este deporte Paralímpico implica complejidad. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura relacionada con la Boccia, y específicamente en el área del rendimiento deportivo. Las palabras clave “Boccia” y “Performance” se utilizaron como descriptores en la búsqueda de referencias. Las palabras en inglés fueron introducidas en las bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Se encontraron 669 documentos usando la palabra “Boccia”, y después de incluir la palabra “Performance” los resultados fueron reducidos a 26 documentos. Para ello, se aplicaron tres criterios de exclusión: i) Documentos no publicados en revistas científicas; ii) Documentos no mencionan en el título o resumen tanto “Boccia” como “Performance”; y iii) Los documentos de Tesis Doctorales, Capítulos de libros, Resúmenes de conferencias o Resumen. Finalmente, se seleccionaron 9 documentos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión hasta Febrero del 2022. Los resultados confirmaron que los documentos relacionados con la Boccia son escasos en comparación con otros deportes para personas con discapacidad. Por tanto, el deporte Paralímpico ha sido analizado desde la perspectiva de una gran diversidad de disciplinas, sin embargo, dentro de la disciplina “Coaching Science” existe un gran espacio y necesidad de aumentar las investigaciones, con la finalidad de mejorar las condiciones de entrenamiento y optimizar el rendimiento deportivo.Item Documents Publication Evolution (1990–2022) Related to Physical Activity and Healthy Habits, a Bibliometric Review.(Healthcare, 2023) Hernández-Beltrán, Víctor; Espada, Mário C.; Santos, Fernando J.; Ferreira, Cátia C.; Gamonales, José M.This research aims to provide an overview of the growing number of scientific literature publications related to Physical Activity and Healthy Habits. A bibliometric analysis between 1990 and 2022 in the Web of Science was carried out, following the bibliometric analysis law, using Microsoft Excel and VosViewer Software for analysis and data processing. A total of 276 documents (262 primary studies and 14 revisions) related to the topic under study were located. The results reveal an exponential growth of scientific production by 48% between 2006 and 2022. Public Environmental Occupational Health, Kaprio, J., and the USA were the knowledge field, author, and country most productive, respectively. A great thematic diversity was found related to the most used keywords by the authors, such as “physical activity”, “health habits”, “exercise”, and “obesity”. Thus, the research related to this theme is really in an exponential phase, with great interest in the importance of physical activity and healthy habits, implying practical decisions in policies to develop programs to promote physical activity and healthy habits.Item Effects of Exercise and Sports Intervention and the Involvement Level on the Mineral Health of Different Bone Sites in the Leg, Hip, and Spine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023) Oliveira, Thiago P.; Espada, Mário C.; Massini, Danilo A; A. M. Robalo, Ricardo; A. F. Almeida, Tiago; Hernández-Beltrán, Víctor; Gamonales, José M.; A. Castro, Eliane; Pessôa Filho, Dalton M.The current study analysed whether the osteogenic stimuli of exercises and sports have an independent effect on bone mineral density (BMD). Studies with a design having two different cohorts were searched and selected to distinguish the effect due to long-term involvement (i.e., athletes vs. non-active young with good bone health) and due to the planning of intervention (i.e., pre- vs. post-training) with exercises and sports. Moreover, only studies investigating the bone sites with a body-weight support function (i.e., lower limb, hip, and spine regions) were reviewed, since the osteogenic effects have incongruous results. A meta-analysis was performed following the recommendations of PRISMA. Heterogeneity (I2) was determined by combining Cochran’s Q test with the Higgins test, with a significance level of = 0.05. The studies reporting the effect of involvement in exercise and sports showed high heterogeneity for the lower limb, total hip, and spine (I2 = 90.200%, 93.334%, and 95.168%, respectively, with p < 0.01) and the effect size on sports modalities (Hedge’s g = 1.529, 1.652, and 0.417, respectively, with p < 0.05) ranging from moderate to high. In turn, the studies reporting the effect of the intervention planning showed that there was no heterogeneity for the lower limb (I2 = 0.000%, p = 0.999) and spine (I2 = 77.863%, p = 0.000); however, for the hip, it was moderate (I2 = 49.432%, p = 0.054), with a low effect between the pre- and post-training moments presented only for the hip and spine (Hedge’s g = 0.313 and 0.353, respectively, with p < 0.05). The current analysis supported the effect of involvement in exercise and sports by evidencing the effect of either weight-bearing or non-weight-bearing movements on BMD at the femoral, pelvic, and lumbar bones sites of the athletes when comparing to non-athletes or non-active peers with healthy bones. Moreover, the effect of different exercise and sports interventions highlighted the alterations in the BMD in the spine bone sites, mainly with long-term protocols (~12 months) planned with a stimulus with high muscle tension. Therefore, exercise and sport (mainly systematic long-term practice) have the potential to increase the BMD of bones with body-weight support beyond the healthy values reached during life phases of youth and adulthood.Item Evolution of Documents Related to Biomechanics Research in Gymnastics.(Biomechanics, 2023) Hernández-Beltrán, Víctor; Espada, Mário C.; Muñoz-Jiménez, Jesús; León, Kiko; Ferreira, Cátia C.; Parraca, Jose A; Gamonales, José MBiomechanical analysis has been one of the most used procedures when aiming to improve performance in sports and is also very relevant and decisive in the final classification of competitive events in sports such as gymnastics. Hence, this study sought to provide an overview of the number of scientific literature publications related to biomechanics research in gymnastics. The document search was completed in March 2023 and reflected a bibliometric analysis considering the published manuscripts up to 31 December 2022. Data collection was performed on the Web of Science, following the bibliometric analysis law, using Microsoft Excel and VosViewer Software (v1.6.19) for analysis and data processing. A total of 325 documents related to the topic under study were located. The results highlight that the older manuscripts date from 1980, with a growing trend of publications from that moment until now and a very visible increase in 2015, and that Sport Science is the category associated with more published manuscripts. A total of 30 manuscripts have 30 or more citations, 746 authors and co-authors are associated with the publications, and 58 co-authorships have published one or more studies. Moreover, 47 countries or regions have been associated with the topic under study, with the USA, England, and Australia being the countries with the most published articles and citations. The study also found that the highest frequency keywords are: “gymnastics” (n = 122), “biomechanics” (n = 73), “simulation” (n = 27), and “performance” (n = 25), considering the average year of publication of the documents, “balance” (n = 11), “artistic gymnastic” (n = 14) and “training” (n = 25) are the most frequently used terms. This study reveals that the topic of biomechanics in gymnastics has shown sustained growth and deserves the attention of the scientific community, but at the same time, there is still much room for research development.Item Incidence of Injuries in Elite Spanish Male Youth Football Players: A Season-Long Study with Under-10 to Under-18 Athletes.(Applied Sciences, 2023) Barguerias-Martínez, Jesus; Espada, Mário C.; Perdomo-Alonso, Abian; Gomez-Carrero, Sergio; M. Costa, Aldo; Hernández-Beltrán, Víctor; Gamonales, José MThe aim of this study was to analyse the injuries sustained by youth football players from a professional team of the Spanish League integrated into an elite academy, considering the sporting context, the month, and the category of the player throughout the 2017–2018 football season. A total of 227 players in under (U) age categories from U-10 to U-18, with two age-groups in each category (A and B), except U-18, with three groups (A, B and, C), were evaluated. Of the 242 cases, 196 injuries were observed. Injury recurrence or different injuries were observed in the same football player during the season, specifically in the older age categories. With regard to the location of injuries, sixteen different parts of the body were associated with injuries, with five of those totalizing the majority of incidence (162 injuries): the ankle (19), the foot (10), the hip (22), the knee (27), and the thigh (74). A negative relationship was observed between the sporting context and the number of injuries sustained (Rho = −0.203; p = 0.002), and a positive relationship between the category and the number of injuries was identified (Rho = 0.488; p < 0.001). Of the total, 118 injuries were sustained during training (62.8%), 70 were sustained in competitive moments (37.2%), and the remaining cases were associated with accidents outside football. The majority of injuries were muscular (101), followed by articular injuries (49), with both combined accounting for 150 of the total injuries. Though no relationship was observed between month and number of injuries (Rho = −0.024; p = 0.707), the months associated with the restart of training routines after interruptions (August, September, and January) were the highest, other than May, in which the highest number of injuries was observed. The findings in this study suggested that it is advisable to carry out a greater number of hours of injury prevention training in U-16 and U-18. Coaches should routinely monitor young players’ development in order to adapt and balance training interventions to individual needs, and they should consider implementing specific injury risk mitigation strategies in youth football based on the long-term development of the football players. Additionally, it is our understanding that it is essential to program, perform, and monitor specific training sessions or even specific training tasks considering the player’s category and long-term sporting development.Item Influence of Game Space on the Design of Wheelchair Basketball Tasks.(Applied Sciences, 2023) Hernández-Beltrán, Víctor; Ibáñez, Sergio J; Espada, Mário C.; Gamonales, José MThe design and organization of the training tasks in Wheelchair Basketball (WB) determine the load to which the players are exposed. Therefore, the aims of the present study were twofold: (a) to identify the existing associations between the pedagogical variables and the game space that define the training tasks by a coach of a professional WB team using the integral analysis system of training tasks (SIATE) tool, and (b) to analyze the self-defined profile of the two coaches. A total of 46 tasks coded during two months of coaching were analyzed. The following questionnaires were used to determine the coaches’ self-defined profile: (i) Coach Orientation Questionnaire; (ii) Coach Knowledge and Skills Questionnaire; (iii) Coach Decision Questionnaire; and (iv) Coach Planning Style Questionnaire. The results reported a relationship between the playing space and the design of the tasks defined by the pedagogical variables. Positional situations in WB are mainly used for 1 0 tasks, during warm-up, by means of simple and unopposed application games. In the same way, 1 0 tasks are used in midfield game situations. On the other hand, coaches use the round-trip court in more complex game situations, 4 4 and 5 5, in which attack and defense contents are worked together, by means of specific complex games of numerical equality for the training of collective technical–tactical attacking schemes. Planning and evaluation of the training sessions provide knowledge regarding the evolution of the physical condition and load to which the players are exposed. The WB coaches should handle a wide repertoire of general and specific contents to improve the quality of training sessions, and consequently, the performance in the game.Item Lower Limb Unilateral and Bilateral Strength Asymmetry in High-Level Male Senior and Professional Football Players.(Healthcare, 2023) Espada, Mário C.; Jardim, Marco; Assunção, Rafael; Estaca, Alexandre; Ferreira, Cátia C.; Pessôa Filho, Dalton M.; Verardi, Carlos E. L.; Gamonales, José M.; Santos, Fernando J.This study sought to assess the relationship between different jumping asymmetries and associated performance variables in high-level male senior and professional football players. Nineteen football players with at least 12 years of training experience (23.2 ± 3.1 years of age; 75.2 ± 4.8 kg of body mass and 181 ± 0.06 cm of height) participated in this study performing countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), single-leg CMJ and drop jump (DJ), associated performance variable eccentric utilization ratio (EUR), stretch-shortening cycle (SSC), bilateral deficit (BLD), and limb symmetry index (LSI) were determined. High correlations were observed between different methodologies of jump tests and associated performance indicators (SSC, BLD, EUR), except LSI. Moreover, CMJ and SJ results were different (p < 0.05), but no differences were found between interlimb in CMJ (p = 0.19) and DJ (p = 0.14). Between the same limbs and different jumps differences were detected in CMJ and DJ (p < 0.01), and it has also been found that the laterality effect size on strength was small in CMJ (ES = 0.30) and DJ (ES = 0.35). LSI between CMJ and DJ was not different despite higher mean values in CMJ, and although mean BLD was positive (>100%), the results highlight the need for individual evaluation since eight players scored negatively. An in-depth and accurate analysis of performance in preseason screening jump tests should be considered, aiming to detect injury risk, specifically evaluating different jumping test methodologies, and determining jumping associated performance variables for each test, namely EUR, SSC, BLD, and LSI. Specific muscle-strengthening exercises could be implemented based on this study results and outcomes, aiming to reduce injury risks and lower extremity asymmetries and to enhance individual football performance in high-level male senior and professional football players. Sports institutions should pay special attention regarding potential health problems in athletes exposed to daily high training loads.Item Research Trends in the Effect of Caffeine Intake on Fat Oxidation: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis.(Nutrients, 2023) Gutiérrez Hellín, Jorge; Del Coso, Juan; Espada, Mário C.; Hernández-Beltrán, Víctor; Ferreira, Cátia C.; Varillas Delgado, David; Mendoza Laiz, Nuria; Roberts, Justin D.; Gamonales, José MIn the last few decades, numerous studies pertaining to research groups worldwide have investigated the effects of oral caffeine intake on fat oxidation at rest, during exercise, and after exercise. However, there is no bibliometric analysis to assess the large volume of scientific output associated with this topic. A bibliometric analysis of this topic may be used by researchers to assess the current scientific interest in the application of caffeine as a nutritional strategy to augment fat oxidation, the journals with more interest in this type of publication, and to draw international collaborations between groups working in the same area. For these reasons, the purpose of this study was to assess the research activity regarding oral caffeine intake and fat oxidation rate in the last few decades by conducting a bibliometric and visual analysis. Relevant publications from 1992 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. Quantitative and qualitative variables were collected, including the number of publications and citations, H-indexes, journals of citation reports, co-authorship, co-citation, and the co-occurrence of keywords. There were 182 total publications, while the number of annual publications is saw-shaped with a modest increase of 11.3% from 2000 to 2009 to 2010 to 2019. The United States was the country with the highest number of publications (24.17% of the total number of articles), followed by the Netherlands (17.03%). According to citation analyses, the average number of citations per document is 130, although there are 21 documents that have received more than 100 citations; the most cited document reached 644 citations. These citation data support the overall relevance of this topic in the fields of nutrition and dietetics and sport sciences that when combined harbored 85.71% of all articles published in the WoS. The most productive author was Westerterp-Plantenga with 16 articles (8.79% of the total number of articles). Nutrients was the journal that published the largest number of articles on this topic (6.59% of the total number of articles). Last, there is a tendency to include keywords such as “performance”, “carbohydrate”, and “ergogenic aid” in the newer articles, while “obesity”, “thermogenic”, and “tea” are the keywords more commonly included in older documents. Although research into the role of caffeine on fat oxidation has existed since the 1970s, our analysis suggests that the scientific output associated with this topic has progressively increased since 1992, demonstrating that this is a nutritional research area with a strong foundational base of scientific evidence. Based on the findings of this bibliometric analysis, future investigation may consider focusing on the effects of sex and tolerance to caffeine to widen the assessment of the effectiveness of oral caffeine intake as a nutritional strategy to augment the use of fat as a fuel, as these terms rarely appear in the studies included in this analysis. Additionally, more translational research is necessary as the studies that investigate the effect of oral caffeine intake in ecologically valid contexts (i.e., exercise training programs for individuals with excessive adiposity) are only a minor part of the studies on this topic.Item The effect of pitch size manipulation during small sided-games performed by different age category football players: a pilot study.(Journal of Men's Health, 2023) Espada, Mário C.; Gamonales, José M.; Verardi, Carlos E.L.; Pessôa Filho, Dalton M.; Ferreira, Cátia C.; Robalo, Ricardo A.M.; Dias, Amândio A.P.; Hernández-Beltrán, Víctor; Santos, Fernando J.This research aimed to analyse the pitch size manipulation effect on internal and external load and to study the age effect on the studied variables in different smallsided games (SSGs) formats. Male U-12 (n = 8), U-15 (n = 8) youth football players, and U-23 (n = 8) professional cohorts participated in the study. Two SSGs formats were analyzed, goalkeeper (GK) + 4 vs. 4 + GK, 3 minutes play in 20×30 m and 24 × 36 m, with 3 minutes rest between bouts. The variance analysis Anova two-way was used to analyse two independent factors, pitch size, and age group. The playing area manipulation had an effect under the following variables: distance (p<0.001), speed 0–6 km/h (p < 0.001), speed 12–18 km/h (p < 0.001), speed 18–21 km/h (p < 0.001), accelerations (Ac.) 1–2 m/s2 (p < 0.001), decelerations (Dc.) 2–3 m/s2 (p < 0.001), metabolic power (Pmet) (p < 0.001) and high metabolic load distance (HMLD) (p < 0.001). The age group influenced the distance covered (p < 0.001), speed 0–6 km/h (p < 0.001), speed 6–12 km/h (p < 0.001), speed 12–18 km/h (p < 0.001), speed 21–24 km/h (p = 0.030), Ac. 1–2 m/s2 (p < 0.001), Ac. 1–2 m/s2 (p < 0.001Pmet (p < 0.001), HMLD (p < 0.001) and training impulse (TRIMP) (p < 0.001). Playing area manipulation in football SSGs promotes an increase in external load intensity, namely, larger areas are suitable for larger effects at high speeds (>21 km/h) and TRIMP. A careful and detailed evaluation of training tasks, considering the different age category football players, is important to optimize the planning in football, aiming at improving players’ condition and performance and avoiding health problems and injuries