Person: Cerro Pérez, Álvaro
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Item Medical students’ attitudes towards communication skills training: a longitudinal study with one cohort.(GMS Journal for Medical Education, 2021) Ruiz Moral, Roger; Monge Martín, Diana; García de Leonardo Mena, Cristina; Denizon Arranz, Sophia; Cerro Pérez, Álvaro; Caballero Martínez, FernandoObjectives: To explore medical students’ attitudes towards communication skills and the evolution of these attitudes from their first to fourth academic years. Methods: A cohort of 91 medical students completed the Communication Skills Attitudes Scale (CSAS) at the beginning of their medical studies and at the end of their fourth year after having engaged in a training program in communication skills with experiential characteristics (individual encounters with simulated patients, observations in small groups, feedback, and practice). We analyzed students’ positive and negative global attitudes and their affective, cognitive, and respect dimensions towards learning communication skills. Results: Medical students’ attitudes toward communication skills declined from their first (52.8) to fourth year (49.6) (p=.011). Along with this significant decrease in positive attitudes, a significant increase in negative attitudes toward communication skills was also observed in trained students (32.2 vs. 34.2; p=.023). The decline in students’ attitudes mainly involves a decline in their affective (51.4 vs. 47.3, p=.001) but not cognitive (18.3) attitudes. Female students have more positive attitudes towards communication skills than male students. Conclusions: The decline in students’ attitudes, mainly in the affective dimension, could be related to their accumulated learning experiences during the learning process and particularly their experiential training in communication skills. Nevertheless, the importance students give to communication skills in the cognitive dimension remains unchanged. Students’ gender also seems to influence their attitudes. Further research is needed to assess the role of other factors involved in this decrease in positive and affective attitudes.Item Barriers to teaching communication skills in Spanish medical schools: a qualitative study with academic leaders.(BMC Medical Education, 2020) Ruiz Moral, Roger; García de Leonardo Mena, Cristina; Cerro Pérez, Álvaro; Caballero Martínez, Fernando; Monge Martín, DianaBackground: In recent years, Spanish medical schools (MSs) have incorporated training in communication skills (CS), but how this training is being carried out has not yet been evaluated. Objective: To identify the barriers to the introduction and development of CS teaching in Spanish MSs. Methods: In a previous study, 34 MSs (83% of all MSs in Spain) were invited to participate in a study that explored the factual aspects of teaching CS in these schools. The person responsible for teaching CS at each school was contacted again for this study and asked to respond to a single open-ended question. Two researchers independently conducted a thematic analysis of the responses. Results: We received responses from 30 MSs (85.7% of those contacted and 73% of all MSs in Spain). Five main thematic areas were identified, each with different sub-areas: negative attitudes of teachers and academic leaders; organisation, structure and presence of CS training in the curriculum; negative attitudes of students; a lack of trained teachers; and problems linked to teaching methods and necessary educational logistics. Conclusions: The identified barriers and problems indicate that there are areas for improvement in teaching CS in most Spanish MSs. There seems to be a vicious circle based on the dynamic relationship and interdependence of all these problems that should be faced with different strategies and that requires a significant cultural shift as well as decisive institutional support at the local and national levels. The incorporation of CS training into MS curricula represents a major challenge that must be addressed for students to learn CS more effectively and avoid negative attitudes towards learning CS.Item Cómo se está incorporando, enseñando y evaluando la comunicación clínica en las facultades de Medicina españolas.(Educación Médica, 2020) Ruiz Moral, Roger; García de Leonardo Mena, Cristina; Cerro Pérez, Álvaro; Monge Martín, Diana; Caballero Martínez, FernandoEn los últimos 10 años las habilidades comunicativas se han introducido en los estudios de grado de las facultades de Medicina españolas (FFMM), sin embargo, no disponemos de datos fiables sobre cómo esto se está realizando. Este es el objetivo de este estudio. Métodos Estudio observacional. Los responsables de la enseñanza de habilidades comunicativas en las 41 FFMM del listado oficial del Ministerio de Sanidad responden a un cuestionario enviado electrónicamente. Resultados Respondieron 35 FFMM, el 85,3%. Organización curricular: 27 FFMM (79,4%) tienen estos contenidos compartidos con otros: 22 (64,7%) en periodo preclínico, 10 (29,5%) en cursos clínicos, ligados al aprendizaje en las pasantías. En 25 (71,4%) la enseñanza es obligatoria. Predominan los docentes clínicos (29; 85,3%), aunque el 35,3% (12) no lo son, la mayoría de estos, psicólogos (8). Predominan las clases magistrales y los seminarios con grupos reducidos. Aunque el role-playing es frecuente (26 FFMM), se hace «demostrativamente» (95%) y no todos los alumnos pueden ensayar y recibir feedback. Los pacientes simulados son poco utilizados (17). La evaluación es habitualmente mediante exámenes escritos (28 FM). Treinta FFMM incluyen algún tipo de evaluación práctica, generalmente en las pasantías. Conclusiones Aunque la mayoría de las FFMM españolas incorporaron algunos contenidos sobre habilidades comunicativas, esta incorporación parece estar aún lejos de ajustarse a los requerimientos para un aprendizaje eficaz. Se precisan estudios que revelen las circunstancias en las que se produce esta incorporación y las dificultades y barreras que las FFMM deben afrontar, para mejorar este tipo de formación en el futuro.