Evaluation of learning outcomes of humanities curricula in medical students. A meta-review of narrative and systematic reviews.
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2023
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Frontiers in Medicine
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Abstract
Objectives: To assess the expected learning outcomes of medical humanities
subjects in medical studies curricula. To connect those expected learning
outcomes with the types of knowledge to be acquired in medical education.
Methods: Meta-review of systematic and narrative reviews. Cochrane Library,
MEDLINE (Pubmed), Embase, CINAHL, and ERIC were searched. In addition,
references from all the included studies were revised, and the ISI Web of Science
and DARE were searched.
Results: A total of 364 articles were identified, of which six were finally included
in the review. Learning outcomes describe the acquisition of knowledge and skills
to improve the relationship with patients, as well as the incorporation of tools to
reduce burnout and promote professionalism. Programs that focus on teaching
humanities promote diagnostic observation skills, the ability to cope with
uncertainty in clinical practice, and the development of empathetic behaviors.
Conclusion: The results of this review show heterogeneity in the teaching of
medical humanities, both in terms of content and at the formal level. Humanities
learning outcomes are part of the necessary knowledge for good clinical practice.
Consequently, the epistemological approach provides a valid argument for
including the humanities in medical curricula.
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Keywords
Medical education, Humanities, Learning outcomes, Undergraduate, University teaching