Dislexia y discalculia: una revisión sistemática actual desde la neurogenética.
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2018
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Universitas Psychologica
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Abstract
Los Trastornos Específicos del Aprendizaje constituyen un grupo
heterogéneo de alteraciones frecuentes que pueden generar problemas
importantes no solo durante la etapa escolar, sino a lo largo de toda la
vida. Las dificultades persistentes en lectura (dislexia) y en matemáticas
(discalculia) son, por su relevancia y prevalencia, los dos Trastornos de
Aprendizaje más importantes en la práctica educativa y clínica. El objetivo
del estudio es realizar una síntesis de los descubrimientos científicos de los
últimos diez años sobre las bases neuroanatómicas y genéticas de la dislexia
y la discalculia. Se realizó un análisis exhaustivo bibliográfico desde 2006
hasta enero de 2017 en inglés y español centrados en neuroimagen y
genética de dislexia y discalculia mediante las bases de datos Medline,
PsyInfo, Scopus, Web of Science y Dialnet. Se incluyeron 38 artículos
de los cuales se extrajeronn las aportaciones desde la neuroimagen y la
genética tanto para la dislexia como de discalculia. Estos datos facilitaron
herramientas para orientar al contexto psicológico y educativo, a su vez
proporcionando respuestas definitivas.
The Specific Learning Disorders represent a heterogeneous group of common conditions that can generate important problems not only during schooling but also throughout life. The persistent difficulties in reading (dyslexia) and maths (dyscalculia) are, due to their significance and prevalence, the two most important learning disorders in both educational and clinical practice. The objective of this study is to make a synthesis of the scientific findings of the past ten years about neuroanatomical and genetic basis of dyslexia and dyscalculia. To this aim a comprehensive bibliographic analysis is conducted from 2006 until January, 2017 in English and Spanish from databases Medline, PsyInfo, Scopus, Web of Science y Dialnet. There were included 43 articles with contributions so much about dyslexia as dyscalculia from the neuroimagen and the genetics. This information will provide tools to guide psychological and educational environments and to provide definitive answers.
The Specific Learning Disorders represent a heterogeneous group of common conditions that can generate important problems not only during schooling but also throughout life. The persistent difficulties in reading (dyslexia) and maths (dyscalculia) are, due to their significance and prevalence, the two most important learning disorders in both educational and clinical practice. The objective of this study is to make a synthesis of the scientific findings of the past ten years about neuroanatomical and genetic basis of dyslexia and dyscalculia. To this aim a comprehensive bibliographic analysis is conducted from 2006 until January, 2017 in English and Spanish from databases Medline, PsyInfo, Scopus, Web of Science y Dialnet. There were included 43 articles with contributions so much about dyslexia as dyscalculia from the neuroimagen and the genetics. This information will provide tools to guide psychological and educational environments and to provide definitive answers.
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Dificultades de aprendizaje, Trastorno específico de aprendizaje, Dislexia, Discalculia, Neuroimagen, Genética