Embryonic echocardiography for assessment of congenital and functional cardiac defects.
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2021
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STAR Protocols
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Abstract
Cardiac function and morphology by mouse fetal echocardiography can be assessed
by scanning the uterus extracted from the abdominal cavity (trans-uterine
ultrasound) or the womb (trans-abdominal ultrasound). Advantages of transabdominal
ultrasound include (1) non-invasive longitudinal analysis at different
stages, reducing animal use; and (2) maintenance of natural environment, diminishing
perturbations on functional parameters, which are more frequent in transuterine
conditions. Here we describe both approaches, explaining how to identify
congenital cardiac defects and defining the correlation between echocardiography
findings and histological analysis.