Aplicación de las terapias creativas en el estudio de los efectos emocionales y psicológicos sobre pacientes oncológicos adultos en el Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre

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Abstract

This quasi-experimental study with a control group and mixed methodology evaluates the effects of a program combining Art Therapy and Music Therapy on hospitalized adult oncology patients at the Hospital universitario Doce de Octubre. After three intervention sessions, the experimental group experienced significant improvements in pain, anxiety, depression, and emotional distress compared to the control group, which received standard medical treatment. Significant reductions were observed in pain, anxiety, depression, and distress based on a series of questionnaires and scales related to the patients’ emotional and physiological state (EVA, HADS, PHQ-9, and DME/TD). Additionally, notable physiological improvements were observed, including reductions in systolic blood pressure (-25.34 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (-11.92 mmHg), and heart rate. Although changes in functional autonomy measured by the BABVD index did not reach statistical significance, a positive trend was observed. Semi-structured interviews revealed improvements in emotional well-being, motivation, and interpersonal relationships. These findings underscore the value of integrating creative therapies as a complement to oncology care, contributing to the improvement of both the physical and emotional well-being of hospitalized patients.