Differentiation of self and its implications for forgiveness and repair in romantic relationships

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Abstract

Differentiation of Self (DoS) is a key variable for understanding how individuals relate within the context of romantic relationships. Previous studies have highlighted its role in emotional regulation and conflict management, yet few have explored its connection to forgiveness and reparative strategies following an offense. The aim of this study was to identify psychological profiles based on DoS levels and to examine their implications for the forgiveness process and perceived reparative strategies after a transgression. The sample consisted of 591 individuals. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct profiles (high, moderate, and low DoS). Results showed that individuals with high and moderate DoS reported lower levels of post-offense distress and higher scores in positive dimensions of forgiveness (affect, cognition, and behavior) compared to those with low DoS. Furthermore, participants with low DoS more frequently perceived the use of negative reparative strategies, such as justification or denial, while those in the high and moderate profiles perceived greater use of apologies. These findings highlight the importance of considering DoS levels in understanding forgiveness and emotional repair, with relevant clinical implications for couple therapy.