NUTRICIÓN HUMANA Y DIETÉTICA

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Neither Chia Flour nor Whey Protein Supplementation Further Improves Body Composition or Strength Gains after a Resistance Training Program in Young Subjects with a Habitual High Daily Protein Intake.
(Nutrients, 2023) Zbinden Foncea, Hermann; Ramos-Navarro, Claudia; Hevia-Larraín, Victoria; Castro-Sepulveda, Mauricio; Saúl, Maria José; Kalazich, Cesar; Deldicque, Louise
The aim of this study was to compare the potential additional effect of chia flour, whey protein, and a placebo juice to resistance training on fat-free mass (FFM) and strength gains in untrained young men. Eighteen healthy, untrained young men underwent an 8-week whole-body resistance training program, comprising three sessions per week. Subjects were randomized into three groups that after each training session consumed: (1) 30 g whey protein concentrate containing 23 g protein (WG), (2) 50 g chia flour containing 20 g protein (CG), or (3) a placebo not containing protein (PG). Strength tests (lower- and upper-limb one repetition maximum (1 RM) tests) and body composition analyses (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; DXA) were performed before (PRE) and after (POST) the intervention. Resistance training increased FFM and the 1 RM for each of the strength tests similarly in the three groups. FFM increased by 2.3% in WG (p = 0.04), by 3.6% in CG (p = 0.004), and by 3.0% in PG (p = 0.002)., and 1 RM increased in the different strength tests in the three groups (p < 0.05) with no difference between PG, CG, and WG. In conclusion, neither chia flour nor whey protein supplementation elicited an enhanced effect on FFM and strength gains after an 8-week resistance training program in healthy, untrained young men consuming a habitual high protein mixed diet (>1.2 g/kg/day).
Human Milk Composition and Nutritional Status of Omnivore Human Milk Donors Compared with Vegetarian/Vegan Lactating Mothers
(Nutrients, 2023) Ureta-Velasco, Noelia; Keller, Kristin; Escuder-Vieco, Diana; Fontecha, Javier; Calvo, María V.; Megino-Tello, Javier; C. E. Serrano, José; Romero Ferreiro, Carmen; García-Lara, Nadia Raquel; Pallás-Alonso, Carmen R.
Women of childbearing age in Western societies are increasingly adopting vegetarian diets. These women are sometimes rejected as milk donors, but little about the composition of their milk is known. The present study aimed to compare the intake, nutritional status, and nutritional composition of human milk from omnivore human milk donors (Donors) and vegetarian/vegan lactating mothers (Veg). Milk, blood, and urine samples from 92 Donors and 20 Veg were used to determine their fatty acid profiles, as well as vitamins and minerals. In a representative sample of both groups, we also determined the lipid class profile as a distribution of neutral and polar lipids, the molecular species of triacylglycerols, and the relative composition of phospholipids in their milk. A dietary assessment was conducted with a five-day dietary record (while considering the intake of supplements). We highlight the following results, expressed as the mean (SE), for the Veg vs. Donors: (1) Their docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake was 0.11 (0.03) vs. 0.38 (0.03) g/day; the plasma DHA was 0.37 (0.07) vs. 0.83 (0.06)%; and the milk DHA was 0.15 (0.04) vs. 0.33 (0.02)%. (2) Their milk B12 levels were 545.69 (20.49) vs. 482.89 (4.11) pM; 85% of the Veg reported taking B12 supplements (mean dose: 312.1 mcg/day); and the Veg group showed no differences with Donors in terms of total daily intake or plasma B12. (3) Their milk phosphatidylcholine levels were 26.88 (0.67) vs. 30.55 (1.10)%. (4) Their milk iodine levels were 126.42 (13.37) vs. 159.22 (5.13) mcg/L. In conclusion, the Vegs’ milk was shown to be different from the Donors’ milk, mainly due to its low DHA content, which is concerning. However, raising awareness and ensuring proper supplementation could bridge this gap, as has already been achieved for cobalamin.
Red Quinoa hydrolysates with antioxidant bioactive properties on oxidative stress-induced Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
(LWT. Food Science and Technology, 2023) López Moreno, Miguel; Sabater-Muñoz, Beatriz; Iglesias López, María Teresa; Miguel-Castro, Marta; Garcés Rimón, Marta
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is a pseudo-cereal of great interest for its nutritional value. Specifically, enzymatic hydrolysis of quinoa proteins has shown several biological activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of enzymatic hydrolysis on antioxidant by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method and sensory properties of white, red and black quinoa varieties, and to evaluate the in vivo antioxidant capacity of the most promising quinoa hydrolysate using Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 as an experimental model. The results showed a hydrolysate from red quinoa seeds with a promising sensory profile and antioxidant activity. Although more studies in experimental models and human trials will be necessary to corroborate the antioxidant effect and the mechanisms of action involved, the results obtained may allow the development of new plant-based foods with antioxidant properties scientifically supported and useful in the prevention and/or the treatment of pathologies related to oxidative stress.
Macronutrient Intake, Sleep Quality, Anxiety, Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Emotional Eating among Female Health Science Undergraduate Students.
(Nutrients, 2023) Díz Ureña, Germán; Hernández Iglesias, Sonsoles; Crespo Cañizares, Almudena; Renghea, Alina Mariana; Yébenes Revuelto, Hugo; Iglesias López, María Teresa
Introduction: COVID-19 provoked a myriad of challenges for people’s health, poor life satisfaction and an unhealthy diet that could be associated with serious negative health outcomes and behaviours. University is a stressful environment that is associated with unhealthy changes in the eating behaviours of students. The association between diet and mental health is complex and bidirectional, depending on the motivation to eat; emotional eaters regulate their emotions through the increased consumption of comfort foods. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional habits, alcohol consumption, anxiety and sleep quality of female health science college students. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study of 191 female undergraduate students in Madrid was used. Their body mass index and waist hip ratio were measured. The questionnaires used included the Mediterranean Diet Adherence test, AUDIT, Emotional Eater Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Food Addiction, Perceived Stress Scale and STAI questionnaires. Results: We observed a high intake of protein, fat, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Overall, 9.5% never had breakfast, and 66.5% consciously reduced their food intake. According to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, they mainly slept 6–7 h, and 82% presented with a poor sleep quality; 13.5% presented moderate–high food addiction, and 35% had moderate Mediterranean Diet Adherence score. Conclusion: Female students’ macronutrient imbalances were noted, with a high-level protein and fat intake diet and a low proportion of carbohydrates and fibre. A high proportion of them need alcohol education and, depending on the social context, they mainly drank beer and spirits.
Red Quinoa Hydrolysates with Antioxidant Properties Improve Cardiovascular Health in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.
(Antioxidants, 2023) López Moreno, Miguel; Jiménez-Moreno, Estefanía; Márquez Gallego, Antonio; Vera Pasamontes, Gema; Uranga Ocio, José Antonio; Garcés Rimón, Marta; Miguel-Castro, Marta
In recent years, quinoa has been postulated as an emerging crop for the production of functional foods. Quinoa has been used to obtain plant protein hydrolysates with in vitro biological activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of red quinoa hydrolysate (QrH) on oxidative stress and cardiovascular health in an in vivo experimental model of hypertension (HTN) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The oral administration of QrH at 1000 mg/kg/day (QrHH) showed a significant reduction in SBP from baseline (−9.8 ± 4.5 mm Hg; p < 0.05) in SHR. The mechanical stimulation thresholds did not change during the study QrH groups, whereas in the case of SHR control and SHR vitamin C, a significant reduction was observed (p < 0.05). The SHR QrHH exhibited higher antioxidant capacity in the kidney than the other experimental groups (p < 0.05). The SHR QrHH group showed an increase in reduced glutathione levels in the liver compared to the SHR control group (p < 0.05). In relation to lipid peroxidation, SHR QrHH exhibited a significant decrease in plasma, kidney and heart malondialdehyde (MDA) values compared to the SHR control group (p < 0.05). The results obtained revealed the in vivo antioxidant effect of QrH and its ability to ameliorate HTN and its associated complications.
Nutritional habits in Spanish female students of childbearing age.
(Journal of King Saud University - Science, 2023) Iglesias López, María Teresa; Abreu, Ana; Ramos-Pichardo, Juan Diego; Fernández Martínez, Elia
Aim To analyse the dietary habits, alcohol consumption, healthy eating index and student performance of a sample of students at a Spanish university to determine if their intake of nutrients reach optimal levels for fertility. Methods Descriptive cross-sectional study of female university students in Madrid, data were collected in Nutrition classes. Participants were 470 women nursing studying at a private university in Madrid, non-random sample was used. An AUDIT test was conducted to determine alcohol consumption. Habits and dietary assessment with a three-day record using DIAL® program to know main nutrients intake. Quantitative variables appeared as mean ± standard deviation, adjusted for all pairwise comparisons using the Bonferroni correction Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25®. Results The majority of the Spanish university women of reproductive age participating in the study did not have the recommended intake of some macro and micronutrients carbohydrates, vitamins D and B9, Mg, Fe, and I. Conclusions This study opens further lines of research. It is necessary to carry out qualitative research into students’ self-perception and their dietary and sleeping habits. Addressing ways to improve food access, dietary quality, and healthy lifestyle, should be focused on future intervention programs and policies for college students.
Effect of Nutrition Education on Health Science University Students to Improve Cardiometabolic Profile and Inflammatory Status.
(Nutrients, 2023) López Moreno, Miguel; Garcés Rimón, Marta; Miguel-Castro, Marta; Fernández-Martínez, Elia; Iglesias López, María Teresa
The inadequate lifestyle associated with university life may have a negative impact on various cardiometabolic factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a one-year nutrition education course on cardiometabolic parameters in undergraduate health science students. During the 2021–22 academic year, 1.30 h nutrition sessions were conducted twice a week. Capillary blood samples were collected and centrifuged to measure cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in serum. The sample studied consisted of 49 students: 20.4% male and 79.6% female. The nutritional intervention resulted in changes in dietary patterns, with increased consumption of vegetables, nuts and legumes. After the course, females showed an increase in HDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.007) and no change in LDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.189). On the other hand, males showed significant changes in HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.043) levels. The atherogenic index was also significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in both males (p = 0.009) and females (p = 0.002). Differences were also observed in the increase in vitamin D levels in both males and females, although the magnitude of the increase was greater in the men (Δ = 7.94, p = 0.016 in men vs. Δ = 4.96, p = 0.001 in women). The monocyte-to-HDL ratio (MHR) showed a significant reduction, although these differences were only significant in males. Students with low vitamin D levels had higher LDL-cholesterol values (p = 0.01) and atherogenic index (p = 0.029). Adjusted linear regression analysis showed a significant association between post-course vitamin D MHR (β = −0.42, IC: −0.29, −0.06, p < 0.01). These findings suggest the importance of including nutrition education programs during the university stage for the prevention of long-term health problems.
Nutrient intake, alcohol consumption, emotional eating and anxiety in women nursing students.
(Heliyon, 2023) Iglesias López, María Teresa; Marchena Giráldez, Carlos Alberto; Bernabeu Brotons, Elena
Objective The aim of the study was to analyze dietary habits, alcohol habits, emotional eating and anxiety in a sample of Spanish nursing students. These students appear to be essential to the field of public health and to teaching their future patients about their own good practices. Methods A cross-sectional investigation was conducted. Participants completed the Emotional Eater Questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) test to evaluate alcohol intake, the State-Trait anxiety Inventory (STAI) test to measure levels of anxiety as a state and anxiety as a trait, and self-reported sociodemographic data. Following classroom instruction, three-day food records were used to gauge food intake. Results The calorie intake for the macronutrients Ca, Mg, K, and Fe were below the Recommended Dietary Intakes (DRI) and imbalanced. The percentage E of proteins was 132.7 % more than recommended, while the percentage of carbohydrates is below the recommended level. Dietary energy consumption barely equaled 78 % of the total energy consumed by this sex and age group. With respect to emotional eating, nursing women students were low emotional eater (44 %) > emotional eater (30 %) > non-emotional eater (22.7 %). The students' emotional eating is substantially connected with fast food and sweets, or less healthy food intake behaviors. According to the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), 82.7 % of female students used alcohol on a regular basis in a low-risk manner. Conclusion The findings demonstrated a link between anxiety and dietary fat intake. Trait anxiety was negatively connected with emotional eating (EE), whereas state anxiety was positively correlated with meat consumption. It is crucial to consider these findings when creating prevention/intervention plans and profiles of harmful eating behaviors.
Nuevos tratamientos de intervención psicoterapéutica en los TCA. Danza movimiento terapia: una aproximación terapéutica a los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria desde el cuerpo.
(Editorial Médica Panamericana, 2013) Rodríguez-Jiménez, Rosa-María; Pérez, M.; Blanco, A.
Potential Role of Bioactive Proteins and Peptides Derived from Legumes towards Metabolic Syndrome.
(Nutrients, 2022) Garcés Rimón, Marta; Morales, Diego; Miguel-Castro, Marta
Legumes have been widely consumed and used to isolate bioactive compounds, mainly proteins. The aim of this study was to review the beneficial actions of different legumes proteins and peptides updating the main findings that correlate legumes consumption and the effects on non-transmissible chronic diseases, specifically metabolic syndrome. An exhaustive revision of five relevant bioactivities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic -all of them linked to metabolic syndrome- and antitumoral) of proteins and peptides from legumes focused on isolation and purification, enzymatic hydrolysis and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was carried out. The promising potential of bioactive hydrolysates and peptides from pulses has been demonstrated by in vitro tests. However, only a few studies validated these biological activities using animal models. No clinical trials have been carried out yet; so further research is required to elucidate their effective health implications.
Dysfunction of Inflammatory Pathways and Their Relationship With Psychological Factors in Adult Female Patients With Eating Disorders.
(Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022) R. Caso, Javier; S. MacDowel, Karina; Soto, Marta; Ruiz-Guerrero, Francisco; Carrasco-Díaz, Álvaro; Leza, Juan C.; Carrasco, José L.; Díaz-Marsá, Marina
The attempts to clarify the origin of eating disorders (ED) have not been completely successful and their etiopathogenesis remains unknown. Current research shows an activation of the immune response in neuropsychiatric diseases, including ED. We aimed to investigate immune response parameters in patients with ED and to identify psychological factors influencing the inflammatory response. The relationship between inflammation markers and impulsivity and affective symptomatology was explored as well. Thirty-four adult female patients with current diagnosis of ED, none of them under psychopharmacological treatment (excluding benzodiazepines), were included in this study. Patients were compared with a healthy control group of fifteen adult females. The levels of inflammatory markers and indicators of oxidative/nitrosative stress were evaluated in plasma and/or in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Subjects were assessed by means of different ED evaluation tools. Additionally, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were also employed. Patients with ED shown increased plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), among other factors and an increment in the oxidative/nitrosative stress as well as increased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression levels in their PBMCs. Moreover, the inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) correlated with impulsiveness and the anti-inflammatory prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) correlated with depressive symptomatology. Our results point towards a relationship between the immune response and impulsiveness and between the immune response and depressive symptomatology in female adult patients with ED.
Gut microbiota and voluntary alcohol consumption.
(Translational Psychiatry, 2022) Segovia-Rodríguez, L.; Echeverry-Alzate, V.; Rincón-Pérez, I.; Calleja-Conde, J.; Bühler, K. M.; Giné, E.; Albert, J.; Hinojosa, J. A.; Huertas, E.; Gómez-Gallego, F.; Bressa, Carlo; Rodríguez de Fonseca, F.; López-Moreno, J. A.
Alcohol is part of the usual diet of millions of individuals worldwide. However, not all individuals who drink alcohol experience the same effects, nor will everyone develop an alcohol use disorder. Here we propose that the intestinal microbiota (IMB) helps explain the different consumption patterns of alcohol among individuals. 507 humans participated in this study and alcohol consumption and IMB composition were analyzed. On the other hand, in 80 adult male Wistar rats, behavioral tests, alcohol intoxication, fecal transplantation, administration of antibiotics and collection of fecal samples were performed. For identification and relative quantification of bacterial taxa was used the bacterial 16 S ribosomal RNA gene. In humans, we found that heavy episodic drinking is associated with a specific stool type phenotype (type 1, according to Bristol Stool Scale; p < 0.05) and with an increase in the abundance of Actinobacteria (p < 0.05). Next, using rats, we demonstrate that the transfer of IMB from alcohol-intoxicated animals causes an increase in voluntary alcohol consumption in transplant-recipient animals (p < 0.001). The relative quantification data indicate that the genus Porphyromonas could be associated with the effect on voluntary alcohol consumption. We also show that gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics administration causes a reduction in alcohol consumption (p < 0.001) and altered the relative abundance of relevant phyla such as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes or Cyanobacteria (p < 0.05), among others. Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction was performed for multiple comparisons. These studies reveal some of the consequences of alcohol on the IMB and provide evidence that manipulation of IMB may alter voluntary alcohol consumption.
Frontline immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combination therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with poor performance status.
(European Journal of Cancer, 2022) Carril-Ajuria, Lucía; Romero Ferreiro, Carmen; Albiges, Laurence
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combination therapy (ICI-based combination) is a new standard of care for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in the frontline setting. Patients with poor performance status (PS) (≥2) were excluded from pivotal trials. Hence, the activity and safety of ICI-based combination therapy in this group of patients is still unknown. Methods We performed a multicentre retrospective study of PS ≥2 mRCC patients who received frontline ICI-based combination, either nivolumab-ipilimumab (NI) or pembrolizumab-axitinib (AP). Patients' characteristics, clinical outcomes, and toxicity were collected. We analysed overall response rate (ORR), median progression-free survival (mPFS), median overall survival (mOS) and grade ≥3 adverse events (G ≥ 3AEs). The association between the predictive biomarker IPI (immune prognostic index) and ORR/PFS/OS was also evaluated. Results We identified 70 mRCC patients with PS ≥2 treated with ICI-based combination across 14 institutions between October 2017 and December 2021, including 45 and 25 patients were treated with NI and AP, respectively. Median age at diagnosis was 63 years, 51 (73%) were male, only 17 (24%) had prior nephrectomy, 50 (71%) had synchronous metastatic disease at diagnosis, and 16 (23%) had brain metastases. Sixty-one (87%) and 9 (13%) patients had ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) PS 2 and 3, respectively, and 25 (36%) and 45 (64%) patients were intermediate and poor International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk, respectively. Among all, 91% were clear cell RCC, 7 patients had sarcomatoid features. At the time of the analysis (median follow-up 11.1 months), 41% patients were dead. Median PFS and mOS in the entire cohort were 5.4 months and 16.0 months, respectively; ORR was 31%. No significant differences in ORR, PFS, OS, or G ≥3AEs were seen between NI and AP. The intermediate and poor IPI groups were significantly associated with reduced ORR and shorter PFS. Conclusion We report the first cohort of PS ≥2 mRCC patients treated with frontline ICI-based combination therapy. The survival outcomes in our cohort were inferior to that reported in pivotal trials. No significant differences in ORR, PFS, OS or toxicity were seen between NI and AP. Prospective real-world studies are needed to confirm these results.
Bayesian reasoning with emotional material in patients with schizophrenia.
(Frontiers in Psychology, 2022) Romero-Ferreiro, Verónica; Susi, Rosario; Sánchez-Morla, Eva M.; Marí-Beffa, Paloma; Rodríguez-Gómez, Pablo; Amador, Julia; Moreno, Eva M.; Romero Ferreiro, Carmen; Martínez-García, Natalia; Rodriguez-Jimenez, Roberto
Delusions are one of the most classical symptoms described in schizophrenia. However, despite delusions are often emotionally charged, they have been investigated using tasks involving non-affective material, such as the Beads task. In this study we compared 30 patients with schizophrenia experiencing delusions with 32 matched controls in their pattern of responses to two versions of the Beads task within a Bayesian framework. The two versions of the Beads task consisted of one emotional and one neutral, both with ratios of beads of 60:40 and 80:20, considered, respectively, as the “difficult” and “easy” variants of the task. Results indicate that patients showed a greater deviation from the normative model, especially in the 60:40 ratio, suggesting that more inaccurate probability estimations are more likely to occur under uncertainty conditions. Additionally, both patients and controls showed a greater deviation in the emotional version of the task, providing evidence of a reasoning bias modulated by the content of the stimuli. Finally, a positive correlation between patients’ deviation and delusional symptomatology was found. Impairments in the 60:40 ratio with emotional content was related to the amount of disruption in life caused by delusions. These results contribute to the understanding of how cognitive mechanisms interact with characteristics of the task (i.e., ambiguity and content) in the context of delusional thinking. These findings might be used to inform improved intervention programs in the domain of inferential reasoning.
Geographical and Temporal Variability of Ultra-Processed Food Consumption in the Spanish Population: Findings from the DRECE Study.
(Nutrients, 2022) Romero Ferreiro, Carmen; Cancelas Navia, Pilar; Lora Pablos, David; Gómez de la Cámara, Agsutín
The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has increased in recent decades, worldwide. Evidence on the negative impacts of food processing on health outcomes has also been steadily increasing. The aim of this study is to describe changes in consumption patterns of ultra-processed foods in the Spanish population over time and their geographical variability. Data from four representative cohorts of the Spanish population were used (1991–1996–2004–2008). Dietary information was collected using a validated frequency questionnaire and categorized using the NOVA classification. A total increase of 10.8% in UPF consumption between 1991 and 2008 was found in Spain (p-value < 0.001). The products contributing most to UPF consumption were sugar-sweetened beverages, processed meats, dairy products, and sweets. Those who consumed more ultra-processed foods were younger (p-value < 0.001) and female (p-value = 0.01). Significant differences between the different geographical areas of Spain were found. The eastern part of Spain was the area with the lowest UPF consumption, whereas the north-western part was the area with the highest increase in UPF consumption. Given the negative effect that the consumption of ultra-processed foods has on health, it is necessary to implement public health policies to curb this increase in UPF consumption.
Effectiveness of an Intervention Programme on Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in a Preschool Child: A Randomised Controlled Trial.
(Nutrients, 2022) Martíncrespo-Blanco, María Cristina; Varillas Delgado, David; Blanco Abril, Saray; Cid Exposito, María Gema; Robledo Marín, Juana
Background: The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the dietary patterns with the most accumulated scientific evidence on health benefits. In children, it has positive effects in the prevention of obesity and cardiovascular diseases, as well as in the prevention of diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the medium-term efficacy of an intervention programme, targeting adherence to the Mediterranean diet among preschool children. Methods: In a randomised, parallel trial of participants aged 3–5 years, a school garden was attended in the experimental group, and in the control group, the usual content on the human body and health were taught. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the KIDMED questionnaire, controlling for weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and socio-demographic variables. Results: A reduction in BMI was found in the experimental group after one year and at the end of the follow-up period. In the overall score obtained in the KIDMED survey, a statistical trend was found between the two groups (p = 0.076). In multivariate analysis, consumption of pulses more than once a week’ was predictive of improved diet quality, with an Odds Ratio (OR) in the experimental group of 1.382 (95% CI 1.126–1.695; p = 0.009). Conclusions: The experimental approach improved the quality of the participants’ diet, increasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet due to increased consumption of plant-based protein.
Are Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Emotional Eating, Alcohol Intake, and Anxiety Related in University Students in Spain?.
(Nutrients, 2020) Marchena Giráldez, Carlos Alberto; Bernabeu Brotons, Elena; Iglesias López, María Teresa
Research has suggested that university students are at risk from certain unhealthy habits, such as poor diet or alcohol abuse. At the same time, anxiety levels appear to be higher among university students, which may lead to high levels of emotional eating. The aim of this study was to analyze the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD), emotional eating, alcohol intake, and anxiety among Spanish university students, and the interrelationship of these variables. A total of 252 university students filled out the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) questionnaire for Mediterranean diet adherence, an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Emotional Eater Questionnaire. We analyzed descriptive data, a t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for differences, a Pearson correlation, and multiple regression tests. Results showed low levels of AMD among university students (15.5%) and considerable levels of emotional eating (29%) and anxiety (23.6%). However, levels of alcohol dependence were low (2.4%). State-anxiety was a predictor of the emotional eater score and its subscales, and sex also was predictive of subscale guilt and the total score. However, AMD was predicted only by trait-anxiety. These models accounted for between 1.9% and 19%. The results suggest the need for the implementation of educational programs to promote healthy habits among university students at risk.
Relationship between Diet, Menstrual Pain and other Menstrual Characteristics among Spanish Students.
(Nutrients, 2020) Onieva-Zafra, María Dolores; Fernández-Martínez, Elia; Abreu Sánchez, Ana; Iglesias López, María Teresa; García Padilla, Francisca María; Pedregal González, Miguel; Parra Fernández, María Laura
This study sought to describe and compare adherence to the Mediterranean diet and consumption of local foods from the Huelva region among Spanish university women in relation to menstrual pain and other menstrual characteristics. This cross-sectional study included 311 health science students. The study variables were sociodemographic and gynecologic characteristics, adherence to the Mediterranean diet using the KIDMED questionnaire, alcohol consumption (SDU) and consumption of local food. A descriptive bivariate analysis and multiple binary regression were performed for menstrual pain. Up to 55.3% of participants had moderate adherence to the Mediterranean diet and only 29.6% had high adherence. Women with low adherence had longer menstrual cycles (p < 0.01). Eating less than two pieces of fruit per day (OR = 3.574; 95%CI = 1.474– 8.665; p < 0.05) and eating pulses more than one day a week (OR = 2.320; 95%CI = 1.006–5.348) raised the probability of suffering menstrual pain. A positive correlation between SDU and cycle length was identified (r = 0.119, p = 0.038), and menstrual bleeding was lower in women who consumed olive oil daily (p = 0.044). In conclusion, the Mediterranean diet, alcohol consumption and consuming typical foods from southern Spain appear to influence cycle length, menstrual flow and menstrual pain. Further research is necessary to confirm and expand these findings.
Una investigación sobre la calidad del desayuno en una población de futuros maestros.
(Nutrición clínica y dietética hospitalaria, 2015) Rodrigo Vega, M.; Ejeda Manzanera, J. M.; Iglesias López, María Teresa; Caballero Armenta, M.; Ortega Navas, M. C.
Introducción: Indagar sobre el desayuno que realizan colectivos como jóvenes universitarios, que en un futuro pueden ser Maestros, puede ser de interés por doble motivo como propiciar posibles mejoras de su dieta y potenciar modelos de hábitos saludables. Objetivo: Conocer la composición y calidad de los tipos de desayunos (incluyendo la llamada toma de media mañana) que llevan a cabo futuros Maestros tanto desde el punto de vista cualitativo como cuantitativo. Métodos: El estudio se realizó en 88 alumnos universitarios (futuros Maestros) con una media de edad de 21,4± 0,8 años. Previo consentimiento y entrenamiento, durante siete días consecutivos realizaron un registro de sus desayunos y tomas de media mañana. La calidad de las ingestas se ha evaluado en un primer lugar empleando una adaptación de los criterios del estudio enKid (según la distribución de consumo de lácteos, cereales y frutas) estableciendo una puntuación de 21 a 0 puntos y unos rangos de calidad en: Buena, Mejorable, Insuficiente o Mala (Tabla 1). Además, se ha analizado la incidencia del cambio de alimentos a lo largo de las tomas matinales (variabilidad) sobre los rangos anteriores. Asimismo se ha evaluado el aporte energético (kilocalorías) y de macronutrientes (carbohidratos, lípidos y proteínas) de los alimentos ingeridos utilizando tablas actuales de composición de alimentos. El análisis estadístico de los datos recogidos para el presente estudio se ha realizado mediante el programa SPSS 15.0. Resultados: De todos los posibles primeros desayunos computados (n=616), no se efectúan un 4,38% ni un 60,5% de las medias mañanas. La puntuación general media de la calidad tipo enKid (no considerando la bollería industrial) para el primer desayuno estudiado sería de 9,86±3,59 (Insuficiente) e incrementaría (p<0,05) a un valor medio de 11,50± 3,85 (Mejorable) si se computan a la vez desayunos y medias mañanas. Asimismo cuantos más días se cambia de tipo de alimentos consumidos (aspecto que hemos denominado variabilidad) más aumenta la puntuación media de la calidad tipo enKid e igualmente al aumentar la energía aportada por los alimentos en las tomas matinales y acercarse al óptimo (≥ 25% de las kilocalorías diarias). No obstante, valorando las tomas matinales a la vez y considerando si son equilibradas respecto a las recomendaciones de la energía y respecto a la distribución de macro-nutrientes que aportan a la dieta diaria sólo un 20,45% de los alumnos tendrían un desayuno considerado saludable. Discusión: Hay coincidencia con otros estudios en cuanto a ingestas de los primeros desayunos (que no se realizan en torno al 5%) pero los datos obtenidos para las tomas de media mañana suele ser más bajos en nuestro caso (faltan en torno al 60%); no obstante, los estudios específicos de segundos desayunos suelen ser escasos y referidos a adolescentes. Por otra parte, en línea con otros autores, de nuevo al valorar la calidad deseable de los desayunos, un porcentaje escaso de alumnos consumirían desayunos con calidad global aceptable, y de nuevo nuestros datos suelen quedar en el rango bajo (sólo en torno al 20% de los alumnos realizaría tomas matinales saludables). Esto, al igual que indican otros trabajos previos, vuelve a poner de manifiesto de nuevo la necesidad de actuar en procesos de mejora de los desayunos para conseguir una dieta diaria saludable en colectivos como jóvenes universitarios. Sin embargo, los datos que hemos relacionado con la importancia de las tomas de media mañana no los podemos comparar al no haber encontrado estudios similares en universitarios españoles.
Relación entre la ingesta de ácido fólico y de hierro con el consumo semanal de carne y vegetales en estudiantes de enfermería de Madrid
(2012-02-07T13:05:49Z) Iglesias López, María Teresa
Curso (2010-2011)

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